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Read this article to learn about the causes, consequences and remedies of unemployment in India.
Essay # Causes of Unemployment:
Causes of unemployment are so many and varied. It can be social, economic and personal causes.
1. Personal causes:
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It may be due to lack of experience, vocational unfitness and illness and disability.
2. Social causes:
It can be due to degrading social status of the individual, rapid growth in education, and geographical immobility. Sometimes, it so happens that in one region there is surplus labour and in another there is inadequate labour. The people refuse to move from one region to other. This is called geographical immobility.
3. Economic causes:
Economic causes of unemployment are so many. It can be the traditional method of cultivation, disappearance of traditional occupation, lack of occupational mobility, dis-organisation of agriculture, poverty, lack of adequate employment policy etc.
Essay # Major Consequences of Unemployment:
Unemployment affects the society as a whole. First of all it affects an individual, then it affects the family and then the society.
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So the consequences of unemployment lie on three aspects:
1. Personal dis-organisation.
2. Family dis-organisation.
3. Social dis-organisation.
1. Personal dis-organisation:
Due to this, the unemployed person feels alienated and falls into cynicism. With heavy depression he may be Involved himself into criminal activities.
2. Family disorganization:
In this, unemployment affects the unity of interests of family members. This creates Imbalance and disorder within the family. Sometimes the wife of an unemployed person wants to take up a Job but the Idea may lead to family dis-organisation because of the traditional and conservative attitude of the husband. It may create family disturbances leading to family dis-organisation.
3. Social dis-organisation:
It refers to the break down in the social structure. It creates anomic situation. Due to unemployment situation, the social relationships between members of a group are broken or dissolved.
Essay # Remedies of Unemployment:
The XXXI Indian Labour Conference (ILC) held in 1994 in Delhi suggested some measures:
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1. Encouraging self-employment.
2. Drastic re-organisation of vocational courses.
3. Identification of skills needed in the present day context.
The remedial measures for reducing unemployment must lay greater emphasis on:
1. Creation of opportunities for self-employment.
2. Augmentation of productivity and income levels of the working poor.
3. Shift in emphasis from creation of relief type of employment to the building up of durable productive assets in the rural areas.
4. Instead of attempting to revert somewhat to protectionist policy and emphasizing on common minimum programme.
Efforts should be made to check population explosion. Sub division of land should be legally checked. More and more barren and unused land should be brought under cultivation so that more people are absorbed and employed.
The rural people should try to stand on their own footing and to start some work with self-help should be given financial help and assistance as well as necessary technical knowledge and other facilities. Poverty and unemployment are interlinked. After independence, Government of India has launched many plans and programmes for Employment Generation and Poverty Alleviation.