101 Expected Sociology Questions and Answers for Civil Services Examination

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Expected Sociology Questions and Answers for Civil Service Examination!

Here is a list of expected sociology questions and answers that is most likely to come for IAS, Civil Services Examination, UGC-NET, UPSC, eligibility tests and other competitive examinations!

Sociology Questions and Answers for Civil Services Examination

1. From intellectual point of view which one is not the Spencer’s contribution?

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(a) Introduction and nature of Sociology

(b) Evolutionary interpretation of society

(d) Social causation and socialisation

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Ans. (d)

2. For Spencer society is a/an

(a) Super organism

(b) Organic whole

(d) Collective whole

Ans. (a)

3. The book “The Theory of Social and Economic Organisation” is written by

(a) Marx

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(b) Max Weber

(d) Shapiro

Ans. (b)

4. Which among the following is not the element of social action according to Weber?

(a) Actor

(b) Situation

(d) Ends

Ans. (c)

5. Weber interprets economic structure in the context of the conduct of

(a) Polity

(b) Religion

(d) Kinship

Ans. (b)

6. The expectations between a focal position and a number of different counter positions make up

(a) Multiple role

(b) Plural role

(d) Role relation

Ans. (c)

7. Merton has proposed his theory of role-set in his book

(a) ‘Social Theory and Social Structure’

(b) ‘Sociological Theories’

(d) ‘Challenges before Sociology’

Ans. (a)

8. A local doctor will have role relations with patients, with the doctors of the local hospitals and with his fellow doctors as a member of his professional association and so on. It can be best categorised as

(a) role set

(b) role taking

(d) plural role

Ans. (a)

9. The concept of role handicap was introduced by

(a) R.K. Merton

(b) R. Linton

(d) Malinowski

Ans. (c)

10. The contrasts between people in certain kind of situation, where the culture provides in the one case for behavioural expectations and in the other case it does not do so or does inadequately. This phenomena may be explained by the concept of-

(a) role expectation

(b) role handicap

(d) role maturity

Ans. (b)

11. Nuclear family in its volarized form consists of the

(a) Parents of the same children and children of the same parents

(b) Parents of the different children and children of the same parent

(d) None of the above mentioned relation exists in nuclear family.

Ans. (a)

12. ‘Stem family’ stands for

(a) Small extended family

(b) Joint family

(d) Family of corporate business houses

Ans. (a)

13. Children produced by inter-caste marriages were called

(a) Vratya

(b) Mratya

(d) Mahav

Ans. (a)

14. ‘Lubra’ stands for

(a) Aboriginal women or wife

(b) Educated Women

(d) Mentally retarded women

Ans. (a)

15. ‘Matrifocal families’

(a) Emphasize female roles in society

(b) are headed by women

(d) are matrilineal

Ans. (b)

16. In the article ‘America against Poverty’, who states that direct aid was the least popular anti-poverty strategy in America?

(a) Elinor Graham

(b) Edward James

(d) Floud

Ans. (b)

17. Poverty will only be eradicated with the removal of inequality in general which requires the transformation of the economic structures in which it is embedded. Who holds this?

(a) Ralph Miliband

(b) Halt

(d) Wilkinson

Ans. (a)

18. A study by________ entitled ‘The Poor and the Poorest’ published in 1965, illustrates clearly that the extent of poverty depends upon the concept of poverty adopted and the measuring instruments employed.

(a) Davis and Moore

(b) Brian Abel-Smith and Peter Townsend

(d) Goode and Halt

Ans. (b)

19. A formally organised group having limited objectives that are specifically spelled out and well understood is known as

(a) community

(b) association

(d) society

Ans. (b)

20. “People who live close to one another, who interact with one another frequently, and who feel they have some common traits or values they share with one another,” constitute

(a) social group

(b) social institution

(d) community

Ans. (d)

21. Which one of the following statement is correct?

(a) ‘Social structure’ and ‘Social organisation’ are two concepts denoting the same phenomenon

(b) Both ‘Social structure’ and ‘Social organization’ have no empirical referents

(d) Social structure has no relation with function.

Ans. (a)

22. The crucial feature of a city is the presence of a market and a specialised class of traders in it. Who holds this?

(a) Milton Singer

(b) Gordon Childe

(d) Robert Park

Ans. (b)

23. The simplest definition of Urban Social structure has been given in terms of

(a) Demographic

(b) Industry

(d) Professions

Ans. (c)

24. The degree of urbanism of any given community is indicated by its___________ of population.

1. Size

2. Profession

3. Density

4. Heterogeneity

Codes:

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 2, 3 and 4

(d) 1, 3 and 4

Ans. (c)

25. Bring out the features, which characterise urban social relations

1. Face to face contact

2. Impersonality

3. Informality

4. Superficiality

Codes:

(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4

(b) 2 and 4

(d) 2, 3 and 4

Ans. (b)

26. Who has pointed out that when there is some serious illness and people need to utilise the hospital facilities not available locally, member of the family and close kin residing in the bigger cities are called in for help?

(a) M.N. Srinivas

(b) A. Beteille

(d) Milton Singer

Ans. (c)

27. Who among the following have done significant work in developing Political Sociology as a special subject?

(a) Hobhouse and Michael

(b) Pareto and Max Weber

(d) C.W. Mills and T. Parsons

Ans. (c)

28. “The state originated as the result of economic structure, classes and their mutual conflicts.” Who holds this?

(a) Marx and Weber

(b) Marx and Morgan

(d) Marx and T. Veblen

Ans. (c)

29. Before the supremacy of the parliament in England, the French Revolution and the propounding of the social contract theory till the seventeenth century, it was believed that the state and monarchy were created by

(a) General people

(b) Nobles and clergy

(d) Divine law

Ans. (d)

30. There cannot be any politics among equal individuals. This is the view of

(a) C.W. Mills

(b) Max Weber

(d) R. Dahrendorf

Ans. (a)

31. Which of the following is not true?

(a) The communist party of India was established in 1924

(b) It was influenced by Marxist ideology

(d) The congress socialist party was established in 1974

Ans. (d)

32. A dominant caste is characterized by

(a) Political power

(b) Numerical superiority

(d) All of the above

Ans. (d)

33. Whose observation is this?

“Caste – riots are frequent in those areas where the caste-wise social deprivation are manifestly correlated with the class-wise economic deprivations, such as in Bihar, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu etc.”

(a) B.R. Ambedkar

(b) A. Beteille

(d) Ramkrishna Mukherjee

Ans. (d)

34. Whose statement is this?

“It is not permitted to contact marriage with a person of another caste, nor to change from one profession or trade to another, nor for the same persons to undertake more than one, except if he is of the caste of philosophers, when permission is given on account of dignity.”

(a) Hiuen-Tsang

(b) Al-brunie

(d) Thomas Roe

Ans. (c)

35. Who among the following has propounded two definition of class namely objective and subjective?

(a) Max Weber

(b) R.K. Merton

(d) Karl Marx

Ans. (d)

36. Who among the following has differentiated between the ‘class in itself’ and ‘class for itself’?

(a) Max Weber

(b) Karl Marx

(d) Stouffer

Ans. (b)

37. Who among the following is the smallest backward tribal community of west Bengal?

(a) Totos

(b) Kotos

(d) Sema

Ans. (a)

38. The santhals, who live in the area between, Bhagalpur and Rajmahal is known as?

(a) Koh-i-koh

(b) Khunt kati

(d) Barkatul

Ans. (c)

39. Which among the following states have registered a maximum increase of population of tribals?

(a) Manipur

(b) Nagaland

(d) Bihar

Ans. (b)

40. Which state registered minimum increase of tribal?

(a) Kerala

(b) Karnataka

(d) Meghalaya

Ans. (b)

41. Which among the following tribes witnessed decrease in their number?

(a) Santhal

(b) Onge

(d) Bhil

Ans. (b)

42. National Population Policy underwent some modification in the year

(a) 1981

(b) 1979

(d) 1991

Ans. (b)

43. Whom of the following wrote the book ‘Principles of Population Studies’?

(a) Bhende and Kanitkar

(b) Jagannath Pathy

(d) Leela Dubey

Ans. (a)

44. When a baby dies within the first four weeks of life. It is known as

(a) Mortality

(b) Neo-natal mortality

(d) Fertility

Ans. (b)

45. When a baby dies after it has survived beyond four weeks, but before the first year is completed it is known as?

(a) Crude birth rate

(b) Crude death rate

(d) Fertility

Ans. (c)

46. In the Roman Empire, population was considered as a source of

(a) Empire building

(b) Slavery

(d) Power

Ans. (d)

47. All members of society occupy a number of social positions known as

(a) Roles

(b) Functions

(d) Placements

Ans. (c)

48. Who founded the Sociology Society of London?

(a) Patrick Geddes

(b) Radcliffe Brown

(d) Herbert Spencer

Ans. (a)

49. Who were the first to develop the elite theory?

(a) Pareto and Mosca

(b) Mills and David Lane

(d) Pareto and Mills

Ans. (a)

50. Who made a distinction between community and association in his book ‘Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft’, 1887?

(a) C.P. Loomis

(b) F. Tonnies

(d) Max Weber

Ans. (b)

51. Gemeinschaft was termed by Tonnies as ‘Community of Fate’. Can you recall the term used by Tonnies for Gesellschaft?

(a) community of convenience

(b) specific relationships

(d) community of compromise

Ans. (c)

52. The average monthly production of a factory for the first 8 months is 2,500 units, the next 4 months 1,200 units, the average monthly production of the year will be:

(a) 2066.55 units

(b) 5031.10 units

(d) 3012.11 units

Ans. (a)

53. Given the following series, the value of mode is:

5, 6, 3, 2, 8, 4, 7, 9, 1, 10, 11, 12, 13

(a) 9

(b) 12

(d) not defined

Ans. (d)

54. While taking deviations the signs are ignored in:

(a) Quartile deviation

(b) Range

(d) All of the above

Ans. (c)

55. If the variables are varying in the opposite directions, it is called:

(a) Positive correlation

(b) Negative correlation

(d) None of the above

Ans. (b)

56. The first step for making a statistical investigation is:

(a) Organisation

(b) Collection of data

(d) None of the above

Ans. (b)

57. An average should be used to typify:

(a) multimodal distribution

(b) a bimodal distribution

(d) a distribution showing a clear, single concentration of observations.

Ans. (d)

58. Herbert Spencer favoured Pestalozzi’s learning theory as a process of:

(a) Serving the cause of nation

(b) Self activity

(d) Internal self-instruction

Ans. (b)

59. Which average is affected most by extreme observations?

(a) median

(b) mode

(d) geometric mean

Ans. (c)

60. Graphically, mode can be estimated from:

(a) ogive

(b) bar diagram

(d) historigram

Ans. (c)

61. The mean age of 40 students is 16 years and the mean age of another group of 60 students is 20 years. The mean age of all the 100 students is:

(a) 16.8 years

(b) 18 years

(d) 18.8 years

Ans. (c)

62. Which of the following is true regarding city?

1. The city is the home of opposites

2. The word ‘Pura’ means fortified city

3. The social effect of city is wider than the city itself

4. It is public behaviour that the city regulates, and the private behaviour it ignores.

Codes:

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 1 only

(D) 1, 2 and 3

Ans. (C)

63. Consider the following statements:

The significant characteristics of industrial society are–

1. profit orientation.

2. bureaucratic organization.

3. reliance on animate energy.

4. class segregation.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(A) 1, 2 and 3

(B) 1, 2 and 4

(D) 2, 3 and 4

Ans. (B)

64. Which among the following statement is not true?

(A) Small rural or big urban communities vary greatly in character and size

(B) Communities either rural or small village are based on contractual relationship

(C) Small rural or village communities are likely to enlist the greatest degree of unity and homogeneity in cultural pattern

(D) Once a community becomes established, it tends to develop a common culture.

Ans. (B)

65. The standard of living in the villages is mostly of the same pattern whereas it varies in the towns because:

(A) There are no industries in the villages

(B) There is no social disintegration in the villages

(D) Villages are dependent upon land and the same profession creates similar standard of living.

Ans. (C)

66. Which of the following criteria were used by Sorokin in distinguishing a rural society from an urban society?

1. Mobility

2. Heterogeneity

3. Size of population

4. System of interaction

5. Occupation

Codes:

(A) 1, 3 and 5

(B) 1, 2 and 4

(D) 2, 3 and 4

Ans. (B)

67. Which among the following are factors that govern social life in an agrarian society?

1. Kinship rather than formal organisation

2. Persons rather than rules

3. Primary social groups rather than voluntary organisation

4. Secondary group rather than neighbourhood

Codes:

(A) 1, 2, 3, 4

(B) 2, 4

(D) 1, 2, 4

Ans. (C)

68. Which among the following factors do influence the social organisation of the village?

1. The caste system

2. Its closeness to the towns

3. The existence of good means of communication and transport

Codes:

(A) 1, 2, 3

(B) 3 only

(D) 2, 3

Ans. (A)

69. Whose view is this?

Hospitals, the catering trade, large sections of agriculture and parts of the garment industry are dependent on low wage labour. Raising wages would increase costs with obvious dysfunctional consequences for more affluent people. Thus at one and the same time, poverty ensures that ‘dirty jobs’ are done and, by getting them done cheaply, subsidizes the non-poor section of the population-

(A) Edward James

(B) Pamela Roby

(D) Head Start

Ans. (C)

70. The de-industrialisation of Indian economy took place because:

1. Indians refused to produce goods for the British

2. The Indian goods were not of very good quality

3. The Indian craftsmen became poverty stricken and were not able to get the raw material

4. The policy of British rulers was such that they exported raw materials from India and flooded the Indian market with their own manufactured goods

(A) 4 only

(B) 1 and 2

(D) 2 and 3

Ans. (A)

71. The right to give a maiden in marriage is held by which one group in orderly manner?

(A) Grandfather, father, mother, brothers/ kinsmen.

(B) Father, grandfather, brothers, kinsmen, mother

(D) Father, grandfather, mother, brother kinsmen

Ans. (B)

72. Rao M.S.A classifies urban studies into three categories. Which of the following is not a one?

(A) Those which formulate the cultural role of cities in the context of social organisation of the great tradition

(B) Those concerned with the institutional approaches

(D) Those concerned with the little tradition.

Ans. (A)

73. Whose statement is this?

“Caste as status group is defined essentially in terms of styles of life. Property and occupation enter as important elements in the style of life of a status group, but they need not be decisive. Thus the Sri Vaishnava Brahmins of Sripuram, who constitute to status group or community, include people with different occupations and economic positions.”

(A) Max Weber

(B) Andre Beteille

(D) M. N. Srinivas

Ans. (B)

74. Why did the upper castes have a better education during colonial period?

(A) Because of the fact that they were better off in all fields including caste hierarchy and property relations.

(B) Because they were ritually superior to other castes

(D) Because of their psychological and mental superiority.

Ans. (A)

75. The difference between a natural change and a telic change is that:

(A) Natural change is the change that occurs without attention, while telic change is the product of human direction

(B) Natural change is change we notice in nature, while telic change is the product of change we notice in human society

(D) Natural change is due to human attention, while telic change is without human attention.

Ans. (A)

76. Consider the following statements about impact of the industrialization on society:

1. The methods and means of social control have changed

2. The ancient institutions of marriage and family remain intact

3. The superstitions and blind faith have no place

4. The freedom of thought and individualism are the cornerstones of the industrial society

Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:

(A) 1, 2 and 3

(B) 2, 3 and 4

(D) 1, 3 and 4

Ans. (D)

77. Given below are the four stages in the evolution of man in order, of man’s economic life. Which one of the following shows the correct order in which they appeared?

(A) Hunting and good gathering, pastoral, agricultural, industrial

(B) Agricultural, hunting and food gathering, pastoral, industrial

(D) Hunting and food gathering, industrial, pastoral, agricultural

Ans. (A)

78. What is according to exponents of Group Mind true about the origin of society?

(A) Society was aggregate of individuals

(B) In content and kind society was not superior to minds of individuals

(D) Group mind in society disunited individuals

Ans. (C)

79. Pseudo-kinship term is used to include those relationships in which:

(A) kinship terms relate ego to nearest kins

(B) persons are described or addressed by kin terms, but they do not stand in such a relationship by virtue of the principles of descent or marriage

(D) persons are described or addressed by kin terms other than the ones with which they are actually related

Ans. (B)

80. Who is/are concerned with this statement?

Whatever the degree of fusion or differentiation in the economy, the process of production requires four factors, which have been named, respectively, land, capital, labour and entrepreneurship. Just as the total society is composed of four functional subsystems, of which the economy is one, so the economy itself has four functional subsystems-

(A) Parsons and Merton

(B) Parsons and Shils

(D) Parsons and Smelser

Ans. (C)

81. Who is associated with this statement?

The main characteristic of the city is its complexity, “the city is very complicated system of religious, cultural, political, economic, recreational activities, with highly stratified organisations, its population is differentiated by origin, religion, status, education and behaviour pattern.”-

(A) Louis Wirth

(B) R. Redfield

(D) R. Park

Ans. (C)

82. From ______ point of view, society is defined as a complex of groups in reciprocal relationships, interacting upon one another and helping each person to fulfill his wishes in association with his fellows:

(a) Societal

(b) Cultural

(d) Structural

Ans. (c)

83. The ________ of a person is that he consciously or unconsciously conceives himself to be.

(a) Self

(b) Personality

(d) Worth

Ans. (a)

84. Society is the total social heritage of folkways, mores and institutions, of habits, sentiments and ideals. This is view of society.

(a) Structural

(b) Cultural

(d) None of the above

Ans. (a)

85. What is not true about the usefulness of language?

(a) It has helped in the increase of knowledge

(b) It has made social contacts easy

(d) It has helped in reducing social tensions

Ans. (d)

86. In a race traits are transmissible by:

(a) Political system

(b) Biological inheritance

(d) Historical events

Ans. (b)

87. Cultural diffusion can start only from:

(a) Centres of cultures

(b) Anywhere

(d) Culturally backward areas

Ans. (b)

88. One of the important hindrances on the way of cultural diffusion is:

(a) Quick means of transportation

(b) Slow means of transportation

(d) Adaptability by the society of new cultures

Ans. (b)

89. What does the term ‘Eidos’ imply?

(a) Formal appearance of a culture derived from its constituents

(b) Disposition of a culture which determines its quality, its main themes and interest

(d) Civilization always advances, but not culture

Ans. (a)

90. In the early 19th century which of the following people proclaimed the presence of Superior and Inferior races?

(a) Ruth Benedict

(b) Darwin

(d) Spencer

Ans. (c)

91. If a group of students recreating by the sea-shore listen to a film actor, they become:

(a) Organized

(b) Congregate group

(d) None of the above

Ans. (c)

92. “Suggestibility, leadership and emotion influence crowd behaviour”; which theory lays stress on this aspect of crowd?

(a) Group Mind Theory

(b) Lebon Theory

(d) McDougall Theory

Ans. (c)

93. A crowd before the cinema booking window____________ type of crowd.

(a) Homogeneous

(b) Active

(d) Expressive crowd

Ans. (c)

94. In an________ the element of interaction is lacking and so it differs from a group within which observable interaction is present:

(a) Association

(b) Aggregation

(d) None of the above

Ans. (b)

95. According to Group Mind Theory about crowd, a person after joining a crowd:

(a) Maintains his identity

(b) Loses his sense of suggestibility

(d) Does not allow his individuality to be adversely effected

Ans. (b)

96. Achieved status, means:

(a) the status acquired by the individuals during the process of socialisation, on the basis of talent etc.

(b) the status achieved during the process of cultural diffusion

(d) the status acquired through the culture traits

Ans. (d)

97. Which one is not a character of ‘ascribed’ status?

(a) they are assigned to individuals without preference to their innate differences or abilities

(b) they can be predicted and trained from the moment of birth

(d) they are filled through incidence of birth

Ans. (c)

98. Which one of the following cannot be placed under the category of achieved status?

(a) head of an office

(b) manager of a firm

(d) recipient of some money

Ans. (a)

99. Which one of the following is not an achieved status?

(a) engineer

(b) landlord

(d) priest

Ans. (d)

100. Role maybe called:

(a) As the behaviour of an individual which is expected by the community

(b) The particular post assigned to an individual to be played

(d) The performance of certain duties by an individual in his interest

Ans. (a)

101. Among the following mark out the one who enjoys prestige.

(a) A rich businessman

(b) A doctor in private practice

(d) A magistrate

Ans. (a)

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Sociology Questions and Answers for Civil Services Examination

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