This article throws light upon the two main types of experimental design used in social research. The types are: 1. The 'After-Only' Experimental Design 2. The Before-After Experiments. Type # 1. The 'After-Only' Experimental Design: The After-only experiment is its basic outlines may be represented by the following procedure: Change = Y2 - V2 The procedure characteristic of the After-only [...]
Read this article to learn about the use of research design for solving problems in research. The research designer understandably cannot hold all his decisions in his head. Even if he could, he would have difficulty in understanding how these are interrelated. Therefore, he records his decisions on paper or record disc by using relevant symbols or concepts. Such a [...]
The concept of causality is an extremely complex one and it is not possible to present a thorough analysis of this concept here. Indeed, we may not do better than bring out the basic points necessary for a workable conversance with the concept. What is a' cause'? The first point that we must be clear about is that in science [...]